SARS-CoV-2 predicted binding scores for non-human species

What is “comparative genomics”, and how did it help us respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? Learn more in our Broad Institute Science For All Seasons lecture, available on YouTube.

Our analysis of ACE2, the main receptor that SARS-CoV-2 uses to bind and enter cells, across 410 vertebrate species revealed that many are potentially susceptible to infection by the novel coronavirus. We designed a five-category binding score based on the conservation properties of 25 amino acids important for the binding between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Among the species we found with the highest risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection are wildlife and endangered species. Given the limited infectivity data for the species studied, we urge caution not to overinterpret the predictions of the study. You can learn more in the press release from UC Davis.

The details of our approach, and its limitations, are described in our open-access PNAS paper:

Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates. Joana Damas, Graham M. Hughes, Kathleen C. Keough, Corrie A. Painter, Nicole S. Persky, Marco Corbo, Michael Hiller, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Andreas R. Pfenning, Huabin Zhao, Diane P. Genereux, Ross Swofford, Katherine S. Pollard, Oliver A. Ryder, Martin T. Nweeia, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Emma C. Teeling, Elinor K. Karlsson, Harris A. Lewin; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; Sep 2020, 117 (36) 22311-22322; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010146117

We have now scored 116 additional mammals using the same approach, and identified four new very-high risk species and 29 high-risk species. The complete table with 526 species is shown below.

WARNING: These predictions are based solely on in silico analyses of a single gene (ACE2), and not on infectivity data or other experimental data. They are not always accurate, and should be used with great caution.

species	class	order	common name	risk category	new?
Cercocebus atys	Mammalia	Primates	Sooty mangabey	5 very high
Chlorocebus sabaeus	Mammalia	Primates	Green monkey	5 very high
Erythrocebus patas	Mammalia	Primates	Patas monkey	5 very high
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	Mammalia	Primates	Gorilla	5 very high
Homo sapiens	Mammalia	Primates	Human	5 very high
Hylobates moloch	Mammalia	Primates	Silvery Javan Gibbon	5 very high	new
Macaca fascicularis	Mammalia	Primates	Crab-eating macaque	5 very high
Macaca mulatta	Mammalia	Primates	Rhesus macaque	5 very high
Macaca nemestrina	Mammalia	Primates	Southern pig-tailed macaque	5 very high
Mandrillus leucophaeus	Mammalia	Primates	Drill	5 very high
Mandrillus sphinx	Mammalia	Primates	Mandrill	5 very high	new
Nasalis larvatus	Mammalia	Primates	Proboscis monkey	5 very high
Nomascus leucogenys	Mammalia	Primates	Northern white-cheeked gibbon	5 very high
Pan paniscus	Mammalia	Primates	Bonobo	5 very high
Pan troglodytes	Mammalia	Primates	Chimpanzee	5 very high
Papio anubis	Mammalia	Primates	Olive baboon	5 very high
Piliocolobus tephrosceles	Mammalia	Primates	Ugandan red colobus	5 very high
Pongo abelii	Mammalia	Primates	Sumatran orangutan	5 very high
Pongo pygmaeus	Mammalia	Primates	Bornean Orangutan	5 very high	new
Pygathrix nemaeus	Mammalia	Primates	Red-shanked douc	5 very high
Rhinopithecus roxellana	Mammalia	Primates	Golden snub-nosed monkey	5 very high
Theropithecus gelada	Mammalia	Primates	Gelada	5 very high
Trachypithecus francoisi	Mammalia	Primates	François’ Langur	5 very high	new
Aepyceros melampus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Impala	4 high	new
Alces alces	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Eurasian Elk	4 high	new
Axis porcinus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Hog Deer	4 high	new
Cervus elaphus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Red Deer	4 high	new
Cervus hanglu	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Central Asian red deer	4 high	new
Elaphurus davidianus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Pere David's deer	4 high
Hydropotes inermis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Chinese Water Deer	4 high	new
Muntiacus crinifrons	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Black Muntjac	4 high	new
Muntiacus muntjak	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Red Muntjac	4 high	new
Neotragus moschatus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Suni	4 high	new
Odocoileus hemionus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Mule Deer	4 high	new
Odocoileus virginianus texanus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	White-tailed deer	4 high
Przewalskium albirostris	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	White-lipped Deer	4 high	new
Rangifer tarandus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Reindeer	4 high
Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni	Mammalia	Cetacea	Minke whale	4 high
Balaenoptera bonaerensis	Mammalia	Cetacea	Antarctic minke whale	4 high
Balaenoptera musculus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Blue Whale	4 high	new
Balaenoptera physalus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Fin Whale	4 high	new
Delphinapterus leucas	Mammalia	Cetacea	Beluga whale	4 high
Eschrichtius robustus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Gray whale	4 high
Globicephala melas	Mammalia	Cetacea	Long-finned pilot whale	4 high
Inia geoffrensis	Mammalia	Cetacea	Amazon River Dolphin	4 high	new
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens	Mammalia	Cetacea	Pacific white-sided dolphin	4 high
Lipotes vexillifer	Mammalia	Cetacea	Baiji	4 high
Monodon monoceros	Mammalia	Cetacea	Narwhal	4 high
Neophocaena asiaeorientalis	Mammalia	Cetacea	Narrow-ridged finless porpoise	4 high
Orcinus orca	Mammalia	Cetacea	Killer whale	4 high
Phocoena phocoena	Mammalia	Cetacea	Harbour porpoise	4 high
Phocoena sinus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Vaquita	4 high	new
Sousa chinensis	Mammalia	Cetacea	Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin	4 high	new
Tursiops aduncus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin	4 high	new
Tursiops truncatus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Common bottlenose dolphin	4 high
Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Mammalia	Pilosa	Giant anteater	4 high
Tamandua tetradactyla	Mammalia	Pilosa	Southern tamandua	4 high
Colobus angolensis	Mammalia	Primates	Angola colobus	4 high
Eulemur flavifrons	Mammalia	Primates	Blue-eyed black lemur	4 high
Eulemur fulvus	Mammalia	Primates	Brown Lemur	4 high	new
Eulemur macaco	Mammalia	Primates	Black Lemur	4 high	new
Indri indri	Mammalia	Primates	Indri	4 high
Lemur catta	Mammalia	Primates	Ring-tailed Lemur	4 high	new
Papio hamadryas	Mammalia	Primates	Hamadryas Baboon	4 high	new
Prolemur simus	Mammalia	Primates	Greater Bamboo Lemur	4 high	new
Propithecus coquereli	Mammalia	Primates	Coquerel's sifaka	4 high
Cricetomys gambianus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Gambian pouched rat	4 high
Cricetulus griseus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Chinese hamster	4 high
Ctenodactylus gundi	Mammalia	Rodentia	Common gundi	4 high
Dipodomys stephensi	Mammalia	Rodentia	Stephens's kangaroo rat	4 high
Ellobius lutescens	Mammalia	Rodentia	Transcaucasian mole vole	4 high
Ellobius talpinus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Northern Mole Vole	4 high	new
Nannospalax galili	Mammalia	Rodentia	Spalax	4 high
Neotoma lepida	Mammalia	Rodentia	Desert Woodrat	4 high	new
Ondatra zibethicus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Muskrat	4 high
Onychomys torridus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Southern Grasshopper Mouse	4 high	new
Peromyscus californicus	Mammalia	Rodentia	California Deermouse	4 high	new
Peromyscus eremicus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Cactus Deermouse	4 high	new
Sciurus vulgaris	Mammalia	Rodentia	Eurasian Red Squirrel	4 high	new
Ammotragus lervia	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Barbary sheep	3 medium
Antilocapra americana	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Pronghorn	3 medium
Beatragus hunteri	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Hirola	3 medium
Bison bison bison	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	American bison	3 medium
Bos frontalis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Gaur	3 medium	new
Bos grunniens	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Yak	3 medium	new
Bos indicus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Zebu	3 medium
Bos indicus x Bos taurus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Hybrid cattle	3 medium
Bos mutus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Wild yak	3 medium
Bos taurus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Cattle	3 medium
Bubalus bubalis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Water buffalo	3 medium
Capra aegagrus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Wild goat	3 medium
Capra hircus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Goat	3 medium
Capra ibex	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Alpine Ibex	3 medium	new
Capra sibirica	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Siberian Ibex	3 medium	new
Cephalophus harveyi	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Harvey's duiker	3 medium	new
Connochaetes taurinus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Blue Wildebeest	3 medium	new
Damaliscus lunatus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Common Tsessebe	3 medium	new
Eudorcas thomsonii	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Thomson's Gazelle	3 medium	new
Giraffa camelopardalis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Giraffe	3 medium	new
Giraffa tippelskirchi	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Masai giraffe	3 medium
Hemitragus hylocrius	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Nilgiri tahr	3 medium
Hippopotamus amphibius	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Hippopotamus	3 medium
Hippotragus niger	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Sable Antelope	3 medium	new
Kobus ellipsiprymnus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Waterbuck	3 medium	new
Moschus berezovskii	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Forest Musk Deer	3 medium	new
Moschus moschiferus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Siberian musk deer	3 medium
Nanger dama	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Dama gazelle	3 medium
Okapia johnstoni	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Okapi	3 medium
Oreamnos americanus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Mountain Goat	3 medium	new
Oreotragus oreotragus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Klipspringer	3 medium	new
Oryx dammah	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Scimitar oryx	3 medium
Oryx gazella	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Gemsbok	3 medium	new
Ovis aries	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Sheep	3 medium
Ovis canadensis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Bighorn Sheep	3 medium	new
Pantholops hodgsonii	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Tibetan antelope	3 medium
Philantomba maxwellii	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Maxwell's Duiker	3 medium	new
Procapra przewalskii	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Przewalski's Gazelle	3 medium	new
Redunca redunca	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Common Reedbuck	3 medium	new
Syncerus caffer	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	African Buffalo	3 medium	new
Tragelaphus imberbis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Lesser Kudu	3 medium	new
Tragelaphus scriptus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Bushbuck	3 medium	new
Tragelaphus strepsiceros	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Greater Kudu	3 medium	new
Vicugna pacos	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Alpaca	3 medium
Acinonyx jubatus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Cheetah	3 medium
Felis catus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Cat	3 medium
Lynx canadensis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Canadian lynx	3 medium
Lynx pardinus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Iberian Lynx	3 medium	new
Neofelis diardi	Mammalia	Carnivora	Sunda clouded leopard	3 medium
Neofelis nebulosa	Mammalia	Carnivora	Clouded leopard	3 medium
Panthera leo	Mammalia	Carnivora	Lion	3 medium	new
Panthera onca	Mammalia	Carnivora	Jaguar	3 medium
Panthera pardus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Leopard	3 medium
Panthera tigris altaica	Mammalia	Carnivora	Siberian tiger	3 medium
Prionailurus bengalensis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Leopard Cat	3 medium	new
Puma concolor	Mammalia	Carnivora	Cougar	3 medium
Eubalaena japonica	Mammalia	Cetacea	North Pacific Right Whale	3 medium	new
Kogia breviceps	Mammalia	Cetacea	Pygmy Sperm Whale	3 medium	new
Megaptera novaeangliae	Mammalia	Cetacea	Humpback Whale	3 medium	new
Physeter catodon	Mammalia	Cetacea	Sperm whale	3 medium
Lepus americanus	Mammalia	Lagomorpha	Snowshoe hare	3 medium
Lepus timidus	Mammalia	Lagomorpha	Mountain Hare	3 medium	new
Oryctolagus cuniculus	Mammalia	Lagomorpha	European rabbit	3 medium
Alouatta palliata	Mammalia	Primates	Mantled howler	3 medium
Aotus nancymaae	Mammalia	Primates	Nancy Ma's night monkey	3 medium
Ateles geoffroyi	Mammalia	Primates	Geoffroy's spider monkey	3 medium
Callicebus donacophilus	Mammalia	Primates	White-eared titi	3 medium
Callithrix jacchus	Mammalia	Primates	Common marmoset	3 medium
Cebus albifrons	Mammalia	Primates	White-fronted Capuchin	3 medium	new
Cebus capucinus imitator	Mammalia	Primates	Panamanian white-faced capuchin	3 medium
Cheirogaleus medius	Mammalia	Primates	Fat-tailed dwarf lemur	3 medium
Daubentonia madagascariensis	Mammalia	Primates	Aye-aye	3 medium
Mirza coquereli	Mammalia	Primates	Coquerel's giant mouse lemur	3 medium
Pithecia pithecia	Mammalia	Primates	White-faced saki	3 medium
Saguinus imperator	Mammalia	Primates	Emperor tamarin	3 medium
Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis	Mammalia	Primates	Black-capped squirrel monkey	3 medium
Sapajus apella	Mammalia	Primates	Tufted capuchin	3 medium
Allactaga bullata	Mammalia	Rodentia	Gobi jerboa	3 medium
Cynomys gunnisoni	Mammalia	Rodentia	Gunnison's Prairie Dog	3 medium	new
Fukomys damarensis	Mammalia	Rodentia	Damaraland mole-rat	3 medium
Heterocephalus glaber	Mammalia	Rodentia	Naked mole-rat	3 medium
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Thirteen-lined ground squirrel	3 medium
Marmota flaviventris	Mammalia	Rodentia	Yellow-bellied marmot	3 medium
Marmota himalayana	Mammalia	Rodentia	Himalayan Marmot	3 medium	new
Marmota marmota marmota	Mammalia	Rodentia	Alpine marmot	3 medium
Marmota vancouverensis	Mammalia	Rodentia	Vancouver Island Marmot	3 medium	new
Mesocricetus auratus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Golden hamster	3 medium
Perognathus longimembris	Mammalia	Rodentia	Little pocket mouse	3 medium
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii	Mammalia	Rodentia	Deer mouse	3 medium
Peromyscus polionotus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Oldfield Deermouse	3 medium	new
Rhizomys pruinosus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Hoary Bamboo Rat	3 medium	new
Sciurus carolinensis	Mammalia	Rodentia	Eastern Gray Squirrel	3 medium	new
Spermophilus dauricus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Daurian ground squirrel	3 medium
Urocitellus parryii	Mammalia	Rodentia	Arctic ground squirrel	3 medium
Xerus inauris	Mammalia	Rodentia	South African Ground Squirrel	3 medium	new
Camelus bactrianus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Bactrian camel	2 low
Camelus dromedarius	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Dromedary	2 low
Camelus ferus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Wild bactrian camel	2 low
Litocranius walleri	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Gerenuk	2 low	new
Sus scrofa	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Pig	2 low
Tragulus javanicus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Java mouse-deer	2 low
Ailuropoda melanoleuca	Mammalia	Carnivora	Giant panda	2 low
Canis lupus dingo	Mammalia	Carnivora	Dingo	2 low
Canis lupus familiaris	Mammalia	Carnivora	Dog	2 low
Chrysocyon brachyurus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Maned wolf	2 low
Lycaon pictus	Mammalia	Carnivora	African wild dog	2 low	new
Speothos venaticus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Bush dog	2 low
Ursus americanus	Mammalia	Carnivora	American Black Bear	2 low	new
Ursus arctos horribilis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Grizzly bear	2 low
Ursus maritimus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Polar bear	2 low
Ursus thibetanus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Asian Black Bear	2 low	new
Vulpes lagopus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Arctic fox	2 low
Vulpes vulpes	Mammalia	Carnivora	Red fox	2 low
Balaena mysticetus	Mammalia	Cetacea	Bowhead whale	2 low
Platanista minor	Mammalia	Cetacea	Indus River Dolphin	2 low	new
Eidolon helvum	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Straw-colored fruit bat	2 low
Eonycteris spelaea	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Lesser dawn bat	2 low
Megaderma lyra	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Indian false vampire	2 low
Nycticeius humeralis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Evening Bat	2 low	new
Pteropus alecto	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Black flying fox	2 low
Pteropus vampyrus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Large flying fox	2 low
Rhinolophus pearsonii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Pearson's horseshoe bat	2 low
Rhinolophus sinicus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Chinese rufous horseshoe bat	2 low
Rousettus aegyptiacus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Egyptian rousette	2 low
Galeopterus variegatus	Mammalia	Dermoptera	Sunda flying lemur	2 low
Procavia capensis	Mammalia	Hyracoidea	Rock hyrax	2 low
Ochotona princeps	Mammalia	Lagomorpha	American pika	2 low
Ceratotherium simum cottoni	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Northern white rhinoceros	2 low
Ceratotherium simum simum	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Southern white rhinoceros	2 low
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Sumatran rhinoceros	2 low
Diceros bicornis	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Black rhinoceros	2 low
Equus asinus	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Donkey	2 low
Equus caballus	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Horse	2 low
Equus przewalskii	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Przewalski's horse	2 low
Tapirus indicus	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	Malayan tapir	2 low
Tapirus terrestris	Mammalia	Perissodactyla	South American tapir	2 low
Carlito syrichta	Mammalia	Primates	Philippine tarsier	2 low
Microcebus murinus	Mammalia	Primates	Gray mouse lemur	2 low
Nycticebus coucang	Mammalia	Primates	Bengal Slow Loris	2 low	new
Loxodonta africana	Mammalia	Proboscidea	African elephant	2 low
Chinchilla lanigera	Mammalia	Rodentia	Long-tailed chichilla	2 low
Dasyprocta punctata	Mammalia	Rodentia	Central American agouti	2 low
Dipodomys ordii	Mammalia	Rodentia	Ord's kangaroo rat	2 low
Dolichotis patagonum	Mammalia	Rodentia	Pantagonian mara	2 low
Erethizon dorsatum	Mammalia	Rodentia	North American porcupine	2 low	new
Graphiurus murinus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Woodland dormouse	2 low
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	Mammalia	Rodentia	Capybara	2 low
Hystrix cristata	Mammalia	Rodentia	Crested porcupine	2 low
Microtus ochrogaster	Mammalia	Rodentia	Prairie vole	2 low
Microtus oeconomus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Root Vole	2 low	new
Muscardinus avellanarius	Mammalia	Rodentia	Hazel Dormouse	2 low	new
Octodon degus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Common degu	2 low
Peromyscus leucopus	Mammalia	Rodentia	White-footed mouse	2 low
Sigmodon hispidus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Hispid Cotton Rat	2 low	new
Trichechus manatus latirostris	Mammalia	Sirenia	West Indian manatee	2 low
Oryzias melastigma	Actinopterygii	Beloniformes	Marine medaka	1 very low
Gouania willdenowi	Actinopterygii	Blenniiformes	Blunt-snouted clingfish	1 very low
Salarias fasciatus	Actinopterygii	Blenniiformes	Jewelled blenny	1 very low
Echeneis naucrates	Actinopterygii	Carangiformes	Live sharksucker	1 very low
Seriola dumerili	Actinopterygii	Carangiformes	Greater amberjack	1 very low
Seriola lalandi dorsalis	Actinopterygii	Carangiformes	Seriola dorsalis	1 very low
Astyanax mexicanus	Actinopterygii	Characiformes	Mexican tetra	1 very low
Pygocentrus nattereri	Actinopterygii	Characiformes	Red-bellied piranha	1 very low
Archocentrus centrarchus	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Flier cichlid	1 very low
Astatotilapia calliptera	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Eastern happy	1 very low
Haplochromis burtoni	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Burton's mouthbrooder	1 very low
Maylandia zebra	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Zebra mbuna	1 very low
Oreochromis aureus	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Blue tilapia	1 very low
Oreochromis niloticus	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Nile tilapia	1 very low
Pundamilia nyererei	Actinopterygii	Cichliformes	Cichlid	1 very low
Clupea harengus	Actinopterygii	Clupeiformes	Atlantic herring	1 very low
Denticeps clupeoides	Actinopterygii	Clupeiformes	Denticle herring	1 very low
Carassius auratus	Actinopterygii	Cypriniformes	Goldfish	1 very low
Danio rerio	Actinopterygii	Cypriniformes	Zebrafish	1 very low
Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis	Actinopterygii	Cypriniformes	Cavefish	1 very low
Austrofundulus limnaeus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Annual killifish	1 very low
Cyprinodon variegatus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Sheepshead minnow	1 very low
Fundulus heteroclitus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Mummichog	1 very low
Kryptolebias marmoratus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Mangrove rivulus	1 very low
Nothobranchius furzeri	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Turquoise killfish	1 very low
Poecilia formosa	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Amazon molly	1 very low
Poecilia latipinna	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Sailfin molly	1 very low
Poecilia mexicana	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Shortfin molly	1 very low
Poecilia reticulata	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Guppy	1 very low
Xiphophorus couchianus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Monterrey platyfish	1 very low
Xiphophorus maculatus	Actinopterygii	Cyprinodontiformes	Southern platyfish	1 very low
Esox lucius	Actinopterygii	Esociformes	Northern pike	1 very low
Gadus morhua	Actinopterygii	Gadiformes	Atlantic cod	1 very low
Boleophthalmus pectinirostris	Actinopterygii	Gobiiformes	Great blue-spotted mudskipper	1 very low
Electrophorus electricus	Actinopterygii	Gymnotiformes	Electric eel	1 very low
Myripristis murdjan	Actinopterygii	Holocentriformes	Pinecone soldierfish	1 very low
Labrus bergylta	Actinopterygii	Labriformes	Ballan wrasse	1 very low
Paramormyrops kingsleyae	Actinopterygii	Osteoglossiformes	Elephantfish	1 very low
Scleropages formosus	Actinopterygii	Osteoglossiformes	Asian arowana	1 very low
Anarrhichthys ocellatus	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Wolf eel	1 very low
Cottoperca gobio	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Channel bull blenny	1 very low
Lates calcarifer	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Barramundi	1 very low
Notothenia coriiceps	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Black rockcod	1 very low
Perca flavescens	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Yellow perch	1 very low
Sander lucioperca	Actinopterygii	Perciformes	Zander	1 very low
Cynoglossus semilaevis	Actinopterygii	Pleuronectiformes	Tongue sole	1 very low
Paralichthys olivaceus	Actinopterygii	Pleuronectiformes	Bastard halibut	1 very low
Erpetoichthys calabaricus	Actinopterygii	Polypteriformes	Reedfish	1 very low
Acanthochromis polyacanthus	Actinopterygii	Pomacentridae	Spiny chromis damselfish	1 very low
Amphiprion ocellaris	Actinopterygii	Pomacentridae	Ocellaris clownfish	1 very low
Stegastes partitus	Actinopterygii	Pomacentridae	Bicolor damselfish	1 very low
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Actinopterygii	Salmoniformes	Rainbow trout	1 very low
Salvelinus alpinus	Actinopterygii	Salmoniformes	Arctic char	1 very low
Larimichthys crocea	Actinopterygii	Sciaenidae	Large yellow croaker	1 very low
Lepisosteus oculatus	Actinopterygii	Semionotiformes	Spotted gar	1 very low
Ictalurus punctatus	Actinopterygii	Siluriformes	Channel catfish	1 very low
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus	Actinopterygii	Siluriformes	Iridescent shark	1 very low
Tachysurus fulvidraco	Actinopterygii	Siluriformes	Yellow catfich	1 very low
Sparus aurata	Actinopterygii	Spariformes	Gilt-head bream	1 very low
Mastacembelus armatus	Actinopterygii	Synbranchiformes	Zig-zag eel	1 very low
Monopterus albus	Actinopterygii	Synbranchiformes	Asian swamp eel	1 very low
Hippocampus comes	Actinopterygii	Syngnathiformes	Tiger tail seahorse	1 very low
Takifugu rubripes	Actinopterygii	Tetraodontiformes	Japanese pufferfish	1 very low
Anabas testudineus	Actinopterygii	Unclassified	Climbing perch	1 very low
Betta splendens	Actinopterygii	Unclassified	Siamese fighting fish	1 very low
Parambassis ranga	Actinopterygii	Unclassified	Indian glassy fish	1 very low
Nanorana parkeri	Amphibia	Anura	High Himalaya frog	1 very low
Xenopus tropicalis	Amphibia	Anura	Western clawed frog	1 very low
Microcaecilia unicolor	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	Tiny cayenne caecilian	1 very low
Rhinatrema bivittatum	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	Two-lined caecilian	1 very low
Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos	Aves	Accipitriformes	Golden eagle	1 very low
Haliaeetus albicilla	Aves	Accipitriformes	White-tailed eagle	1 very low
Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Aves	Accipitriformes	Bald eagle	1 very low
Anas platyrhynchos	Aves	Anseriformes	Mallard	1 very low
Anser cygnoides domesticus	Aves	Anseriformes	Domestic goose	1 very low
Aythya fuligula	Aves	Anseriformes	Tufted duck	1 very low
Calypte anna	Aves	Apodiformes	Anna's hummingbird	1 very low
Chaetura pelagica	Aves	Apodiformes	Chimney swift	1 very low
Apteryx rowi	Aves	Apterygiformes	Okarito kiwi	1 very low
Buceros rhinoceros silvestris	Aves	Bucerotiformes	Rhinoceros hornbill	1 very low
Antrostomus carolinensis	Aves	Caprimulgiformes	Chuck-will's-widow	1 very low
Cariama cristata	Aves	Cariamiformes	Red-legged seriema	1 very low
Dromaius novaehollandiae	Aves	Casuariiformes	Emu	1 very low
Calidris pugnax	Aves	Charadriiformes	Ruff	1 very low
Charadrius vociferus	Aves	Charadriiformes	Killdeer	1 very low
Pterocles gutturalis	Aves	Ciconiiformes	Yellow-throated sandgrouse	1 very low
Columba livia	Aves	Columbiformes	Rock dove	1 very low
Leptosomus discolor	Aves	Coraciiformes	Cuckoo roller	1 very low
Merops nubicus	Aves	Coraciiformes	Northern carmine bee-eater	1 very low
Cuculus canorus	Aves	Cuculiformes	Common cuckoo	1 very low
Falco cherrug	Aves	Falconiformes	Saker falcon	1 very low
Falco peregrinus	Aves	Falconiformes	Peregrine falcon	1 very low
Coturnix japonica	Aves	Galliformes	Japanese quail	1 very low
Gallus gallus	Aves	Galliformes	Red junglefowl	1 very low
Meleagris gallopavo	Aves	Galliformes	Wild turkey	1 very low
Numida meleagris	Aves	Galliformes	Helmeted guineafowl	1 very low
Phasianus colchicus	Aves	Galliformes	Common pheasant	1 very low
Gavia stellata	Aves	Gaviiformes	Red-throated loon	1 very low
Chlamydotis macqueenii	Aves	Gruiformes	MacQueen's bustard	1 very low
Eurypyga helias	Aves	Gruiformes	Sunbittern	1 very low
Mesitornis unicolor	Aves	Gruiformes	Brown mesite	1 very low
Tauraco erythrolophus	Aves	Musophagiformes	Red-crested turaco	1 very low
Opisthocomus hoazin	Aves	Opisthocomiformes	Hoatzin	1 very low
Camarhynchus parvulus	Aves	Passeriformes	Small tree finch	1 very low
Corapipo altera	Aves	Passeriformes	White-ruffed manakin	1 very low
Corvus brachyrhynchos	Aves	Passeriformes	American crow	1 very low
Corvus cornix cornix	Aves	Passeriformes	Hooded crow	1 very low
Corvus moneduloides	Aves	Passeriformes	New Caledonian crow	1 very low
Cyanistes caeruleus	Aves	Passeriformes	Eurasian blue tit	1 very low
Empidonax traillii	Aves	Passeriformes	Willow flycatcher	1 very low
Ficedula albicollis	Aves	Passeriformes	Collared flycatcher	1 very low
Geospiza fortis	Aves	Passeriformes	Medium ground finch	1 very low
Lepidothrix coronata	Aves	Passeriformes	Blue-crowned manakin	1 very low
Lonchura striata domestica	Aves	Passeriformes	White-rumped munia	1 very low
Manacus vitellinus	Aves	Passeriformes	Golden-collared manakin	1 very low
Neopelma chrysocephalum	Aves	Passeriformes	Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin	1 very low
Parus major	Aves	Passeriformes	Great tit	1 very low
Pipra filicauda	Aves	Passeriformes	Wire-tailed manakin	1 very low
Pseudopodoces humilis	Aves	Passeriformes	Ground tit	1 very low
Serinus canaria	Aves	Passeriformes	Atlantic canary	1 very low
Sturnus vulgaris	Aves	Passeriformes	Common starling	1 very low
Taeniopygia guttata	Aves	Passeriformes	Zebra finch	1 very low
Zonotrichia albicollis	Aves	Passeriformes	White-throated sparrow	1 very low
Egretta garzetta	Aves	Pelecaniformes	Little egret	1 very low
Nipponia nippon	Aves	Pelecaniformes	Crested ibis	1 very low
Pelecanus crispus	Aves	Pelecaniformes	Dalmatian pelican	1 very low
Phaethon lepturus	Aves	Pelecaniformes	White-tailed tropicbird	1 very low
Phalacrocorax carbo	Aves	Pelecaniformes	Great cormorant	1 very low
Fulmarus glacialis	Aves	Procellariiformes	Northern fulmar	1 very low
Melopsittacus undulatus	Aves	Psittaciformes	Budgerigar	1 very low
Strigops habroptila	Aves	Psittaciformes	Kakapo	1 very low
Aptenodytes forsteri	Aves	Sphenisciformes	Emperor penguin	1 very low
Pygoscelis adeliae	Aves	Sphenisciformes	Adelie penguin	1 very low
Athene cunicularia	Aves	Strigiformes	Burrowing owl	1 very low
Tyto alba	Aves	Strigiformes	Barn owl	1 very low
Struthio camelus australis	Aves	Struthioniformes	South African ostrich	1 very low
Nothoprocta perdicaria	Aves	Tinamiformes	Chilean tinamou	1 very low
Tinamus guttatus	Aves	Tinamiformes	White-throated tinamou	1 very low
Apaloderma vittatum	Aves	Trogoniformes	Bar-tailed trogon	1 very low
Callorhinchus milii	Chondrichthyes	Chimaeriformes	Australian ghostshark	1 very low
Latimeria chalumnae	Coelacanthimorpha	Coelacanthiformes	West Indian ocean coelacanth	1 very low
Chrysochloris asiatica	Mammalia	Afrosoricida	Cape golden mole	1 very low
Echinops telfairi	Mammalia	Afrosoricida	Lesser hedgehog tenrec	1 very low
Microgale talazaci	Mammalia	Afrosoricida	Talazac's shrew tenrec	1 very low
Antidorcas marsupialis	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Springbok	1 very low	new
Catagonus wagneri	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Chacoan peccary	1 very low
Muntiacus reevesi	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Reeves' Muntjac	1 very low	new
Nanger granti	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Grant's Gazelle	1 very low	new
Neotragus pygmaeus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Royal Antelope	1 very low	new
Raphicerus campestris	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Steenbok	1 very low	new
Sylvicapra grimmia	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Bush Duiker	1 very low	new
Tragulus kanchil	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	Lesser Mouse-deer	1 very low	new
Ailurus fulgens styani	Mammalia	Carnivora	Red panda	1 very low
Arctocephalus gazella	Mammalia	Carnivora	Antarctic Fur Seal	1 very low	new
Callorhinus ursinus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Northern fur seal	1 very low
Crocuta crocuta	Mammalia	Carnivora	Spotted Hyena	1 very low	new
Cryptoprocta ferox	Mammalia	Carnivora	Fossa	1 very low
Enhydra lutris kenyoni	Mammalia	Carnivora	Sea otter	1 very low
Eumetopias jubatus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Steller sea lion	1 very low
Felis nigripes	Mammalia	Carnivora	Black-footed Cat	1 very low	new
Gulo gulo	Mammalia	Carnivora	Wolverine	1 very low
Helogale parvula	Mammalia	Carnivora	Common dwarf mongoose	1 very low
Hyaena hyaena	Mammalia	Carnivora	Striped hyena	1 very low
Leptonychotes weddellii	Mammalia	Carnivora	Weddell Seal	1 very low	new
Lontra canadensis	Mammalia	Carnivora	North American River Otter	1 very low	new
Lutra lutra	Mammalia	Carnivora	European Otter	1 very low	new
Mellivora capensis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Honey badger	1 very low
Mirounga angustirostris	Mammalia	Carnivora	Northern elephant seal	1 very low
Mungos mungo	Mammalia	Carnivora	Banded mongoose	1 very low
Mustela erminea	Mammalia	Carnivora	Stoat	1 very low
Mustela lutreola	Mammalia	Carnivora	European mink	1 very low
Mustela nigripes	Mammalia	Carnivora	Black-footed ferret	1 very low
Mustela putorius furo	Mammalia	Carnivora	Ferret	1 very low
Neomonachus schauinslandi	Mammalia	Carnivora	Hawaiian monk seal	1 very low
Neovison vison	Mammalia	Carnivora	American mink	1 very low
Odobenus rosmarus divergens	Mammalia	Carnivora	Walrus	1 very low
Paguma larvata	Mammalia	Carnivora	Masked palm civet	1 very low
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus	Mammalia	Carnivora	Asian palm civet	1 very low
Phoca vitulina	Mammalia	Carnivora	Harbor seal	1 very low
Pteronura brasiliensis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Giant otter	1 very low
Spilogale gracilis	Mammalia	Carnivora	Western spotted skunk	1 very low
Suricata suricatta	Mammalia	Carnivora	Meerkat	1 very low
Taxidea taxus	Mammalia	Carnivora	American badger	1 very low
Zalophus californianus	Mammalia	Carnivora	California sea lion	1 very low
Mesoplodon bidens	Mammalia	Cetacea	Sowerby's beaked whale	1 very low
Ziphius cavirostris	Mammalia	Cetacea	Cuvier’s Beaked Whale	1 very low	new
Aeorestes cinereus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	hoary bat	1 very low	new
Anoura caudifer	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Tailed tailless bat	1 very low
Artibeus jamaicensis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Jamaican fruit-eating bat	1 very low
Carollia perspicillata	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Seba's short-tailed bat	1 very low
Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Hog-nosed Bat	1 very low	new
Cynopterus brachyotis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Lesser short-nosed fruit bat	1 very low
Cynopterus sphinx	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Greater short-nosed fruit bat	1 very low
Desmodus rotundus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Common vampire bat	1 very low
Eptesicus fuscus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Big brown bat	1 very low
Glossophaga soricina	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat	1 very low	new
Hipposideros armiger	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Great roundleaf bat	1 very low
Hipposideros galeritus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Cantor's roundleaf bat	1 very low
Hipposideros pratti	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Pratt's roundleaf bat	1 very low
Lasiurus borealis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Eastern Red Bat	1 very low	new
Macroglossus sobrinus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Long-tongued fruit bat	1 very low
Micronycteris hirsuta	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Hairy big-eared bat	1 very low
Miniopterus natalensis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Natal long-fingered bat	1 very low
Miniopterus schreibersii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Schreibers' long-fingered bat	1 very low
Molossus molossus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Velvety free-tailed bat	1 very low
Mormoops blainvillei	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Antillean ghost-faced bat	1 very low
Murina feae	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Little tube-nosed bat	1 very low
Myotis brandtii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Brandt's bat	1 very low
Myotis davidii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	David's myotis	1 very low
Myotis lucifugus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Little brown bat	1 very low
Myotis myotis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Greater mouse-eared bat	1 very low
Noctilio leporinus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Greater bulldog bat	1 very low
Phyllostomus discolor	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Pale spear-nosed bat	1 very low
Pipistrellus kuhlii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Kuhl's pipistrelle	1 very low
Pipistrellus pipistrellus	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Common pipistrelle	1 very low
Pteronotus parnellii	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Parnell's mustached bat	1 very low
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Greater horseshoe bat	1 very low
Tadarida brasiliensis	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Brazilian free-tailed bat	1 very low
Tonatia saurophila	Mammalia	Chiroptera	Stripe-headed round-eared bat	1 very low
Dasypus novemcinctus	Mammalia	Cingulata	Nine-banded armadillo	1 very low
Tolypeutes matacus	Mammalia	Cingulata	Southern Three-banded Armadillo	1 very low	new
Sarcophilus harrisii	Mammalia	Dasyuromorphia	Tasmanian devil	1 very low
Thylacinus cynocephalus	Mammalia	Dasyuromorphia	Thylacine	1 very low	new
Monodelphis domestica	Mammalia	Didelphimorphia	Gray short-tailed opossum	1 very low
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri	Mammalia	Diprotodontia	Leadebeater’s Possum	1 very low	new
Phascolarctos cinereus	Mammalia	Diprotodontia	Koala	1 very low
Vombatus ursinus	Mammalia	Diprotodontia	Common wombat	1 very low
Erinaceus europaeus	Mammalia	Erinaceomorpha	European hedgehog	1 very low
Heterohyrax brucei	Mammalia	Hyracoidea	Yellow-spotted rock hyrax	1 very low
Elephantulus edwardii	Mammalia	Macroscelidea	Cape elephant shrew	1 very low
Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Mammalia	Monotremata	Platypus	1 very low
Manis javanica	Mammalia	Pholidota	Sunda pangolin	1 very low
Manis pentadactyla	Mammalia	Pholidota	Chinese pangolin	1 very low
Manis tricuspis	Mammalia	Pholidota	Tree Pangolin	1 very low	new
Phataginus tricuspis	Mammalia	Pholidota	White-bellied pangolin	1 very low
Choloepus hoffmanni	Mammalia	Pilosa	Hoffmann's two-toed sloth	1 very low
Otolemur garnettii	Mammalia	Primates	Northern greater galago	1 very low
Rhinopithecus bieti	Mammalia	Primates	Black Snub-nosed Monkey	1 very low	new
Acomys cahirinus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Cairo spiny mouse	1 very low
Aplodontia rufa	Mammalia	Rodentia	Sewellel	1 very low	new
Apodemus sylvaticus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Long-tailed Field Mouse	1 very low	new
Arvicanthis niloticus	Mammalia	Rodentia	African Arvicanthis	1 very low	new
Castor canadensis	Mammalia	Rodentia	American Beaver	1 very low	new
Cavia porcellus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Guinea pig	1 very low
Cavia tschudii	Mammalia	Rodentia	Montane guinea pig	1 very low
Ctenomys sociabilis	Mammalia	Rodentia	Social tudo-tuco	1 very low
Cuniculus paca	Mammalia	Rodentia	Lowland Paca	1 very low	new
Grammomys surdaster	Mammalia	Rodentia	African woodland thicket rat	1 very low
Jaculus jaculus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Lesser Egyptian jerboa	1 very low
Marmota monax	Mammalia	Rodentia	Woodchuck	1 very low	new
Mastomys coucha	Mammalia	Rodentia	Southern multimammate mouse	1 very low
Meriones unguiculatus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Mongolian gerbil	1 very low
Microtus agrestis	Mammalia	Rodentia	Field Vole	1 very low	new
Mus caroli	Mammalia	Rodentia	Ryukyu mouse	1 very low
Mus musculus	Mammalia	Rodentia	House mouse	1 very low
Mus pahari	Mammalia	Rodentia	Graidner's shrewmouse	1 very low
Mus spretus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Algerian mouse	1 very low
Myocastor coypus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Coypu	1 very low
Myodes glareolus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Bank Vole	1 very low	new
Petromus typicus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Dassie rat	1 very low
Psammomys obesus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Fat sand rat	1 very low
Rattus norvegicus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Brown rat	1 very low
Rattus rattus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Roof Rat	1 very low	new
Rhombomys opimus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Great Gerbil	1 very low	new
Thryonomys swinderianus	Mammalia	Rodentia	Greater cane rat	1 very low
Zapus hudsonius	Mammalia	Rodentia	Meadow jumping mouse	1 very low
Tupaia chinensis	Mammalia	Scandentia	Northern treeshrew	1 very low
Condylura cristata	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Star-nosed mole	1 very low
Crocidura indochinensis	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Indochinese Shrew	1 very low	new
Scalopus aquaticus	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Eastern mole	1 very low
Solenodon paradoxus	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Hispaniolan solenodon	1 very low
Sorex araneus	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Common shrew	1 very low
Talpa occidentalis	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Spanish Mole	1 very low	new
Uropsilus gracilis	Mammalia	Soricomorpha	Gracile shrew mole	1 very low
Orycteropus afer afer	Mammalia	Tubulidentata	Aardvark	1 very low
Alligator mississippiensis	Reptilia	Crocodylia	American alligator	1 very low
Alligator sinensis	Reptilia	Crocodylia	Chinese alligator	1 very low
Crocodylus porosus	Reptilia	Crocodylia	Saltwater crocodile	1 very low
Gavialis gangeticus	Reptilia	Crocodylia	Gharial	1 very low
Anolis carolinensis	Reptilia	Squamata	Anole lizard	1 very low
Gekko japonicus	Reptilia	Squamata	Schlegel's Japanese gecko	1 very low
Notechis scutatus	Reptilia	Squamata	Tiger snake	1 very low
Pogona vitticeps	Reptilia	Squamata	Central bearded dragon	1 very low
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus	Reptilia	Squamata	Brown spotted pit viper	1 very low
Pseudonaja textilis	Reptilia	Squamata	Eastern brown snake	1 very low
Python bivittatus	Reptilia	Squamata	Burmese python	1 very low
Thamnophis elegans	Reptilia	Squamata	Western terrestrial garter snake	1 very low
Thamnophis sirtalis	Reptilia	Squamata	Common garter snake	1 very low
Chelonia mydas	Reptilia	Testudines	Green turtle	1 very low
Chrysemys picta bellii	Reptilia	Testudines	Painted turtle	1 very low
Gopherus evgoodei	Reptilia	Testudines	Thornscrub tortoise	1 very low
Pelodiscus sinensis	Reptilia	Testudines	Chinese softshell turtle	1 very low

SARS-CoV-2 predicted binding scores for non-human species (including 116 new mammals)